Skoda 75 mm Model 15
| 7.5 cm Gebirgskanone M. 15 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Mountain gun |
| Place of origin | Austria-Hungary |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1915–45 |
| Used by | Austria-Hungary Austria Bulgaria Czechoslovakia German Empire Nazi Germany Hungary Italy Poland Romania Slovakia[1] Turkey Yugoslavia[2] |
| Wars | World War I World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Skoda |
| Designed | 1911–14 |
| Manufacturer | Skoda |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 613 kg (1,351 lb) |
| Barrel length | 1.15 m (3 ft 9 in) L/15.4 |
| Crew | 6 |
| Shell | Fixed QF 75 x 129 mm R[3] |
| Shell weight | 6.35 kg (14 lb 0 oz) |
| Caliber | 75 mm (3.0 in) |
| Breech | horizontal semi-automatic sliding-wedge |
| Recoil | Hydro-pneumatic |
| Carriage | Box trail |
| Elevation | -10° to +50° |
| Traverse | 7° |
| Rate of fire | 6-8 rpm |
| Muzzle velocity | 349 m/s (1,150 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 8,250 m (9,020 yd) |
The Skoda 7.5 cm Gebirgskanone M. 15 (Bulgarian: 75-мм планинско оръдие “Шкода”) was a mountain gun used by Austria-Hungary in World War I. In German service, it was known as the 7,5cm Skoda Geb. K. M. 15.[4] The Italians designated them as the Obice da 75/13[5] and the Wehrmacht would designate captured guns as 7.5 cm GebK 259(i) after the surrender of Italy in 1943.
History
[edit]Its development was quite prolonged, as the Austrians couldn't decide on the specifications that they wanted. Initially, they wanted a gun that could be broken down into no more than five pack-animal loads to replace the various 7 cm mountain guns in service, but prolonged trials proved that the 7.5 cm M. 12 prototype to be the best gun. However, the commander-in-chief of Bosnia-Hercegovina believe it to be too heavy and demanded a return to the 7 cm caliber to save weight. Skoda dutifully built enough guns for a test battery in the smaller caliber and tested them during the spring of 1914 where they were judged inferior to the 7.5 cm guns. This cost the Austrians heavily as the 7.5 cm guns began to be delivered in April 1915 instead of the planned date of April 1914.[6]
For transport, the gun could be dismantled into six parts, generally carried in four loads. In addition, there was a folding Gun shield fitted on some (perhaps many) such guns.[7] A revised version of this gun was released as the Skoda 75 mm Model 1928. The Germans bought some guns during World War I, but used them as infantry guns in direct support of the infantry, as their light weight would allow them to move with the infantry. They complained that the guns were too fragile and didn't have a high enough muzzle velocity to act as an anti-tank gun. Considering that the guns were designed to be disassembled, it is not too surprising that they couldn't stand the abuse moving through the shell-pocketed front lines on the Western Front.
A standard Austro-Hungarian Gebirgs-Artillerie-Regimenter, which was used to beef up Field Artillery Regiments in some Corps, would be equipped with 36 Skoda M15s on paper, though in reality the number of guns and batteries varied quite a bit. Part of this reason was due to the slow production and dispersement of the guns and parts. 76 artillery pieces were delivered in the first half of 1915, with 250-252 barreled assemblies & 248 carriages delivered in the second half of that same year. The German Army used the Skoda as a substitute for the 7.62 cm Infanteriegeschütz L/16.5 in the infantry support role with 14 Infanteriegeschütz-batallions equipped with these guns but using more powerful HE grenades than those used by the Austro-Hungarians. While the Austro-Hungarians were generally well pleased with the Skoda, the Germans tended to use the gun in situations it wasn't designed for such as a mobile close support weapon. The M15 was designed to be disassembled for transport but the Germans often towed them on long marches as-is, so that the main parts had a tendency to become lose or disconnected after traveling on bumpy terrain. This was mainly because there wasn't a large need for disassembly on the Western Front as there were in other areas such as the Italian Front.[8]
Surviving examples
[edit]
Serial number 1399 (manufactured 1917) is displayed in Bundaberg, Queensland, having been gifted to that city as a war trophy, in 1921, by the Australian Government.
Another, also repatriated in the 1920s, serves as a memorial to the men and women of the armed forces in Tuamarina Cemetery, Marlborough, New Zealand.
References
[edit]- ^ "ztráty slovenské armády v letech 1939 - 1944 – Druhá světová válka – druhasvetova.com". druhasvetova.com (in Czech). Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Infantry, mountain, and airborne guns. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. p. 5. ISBN 0668038195. OCLC 2067391.
- ^ "75-77 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-10-02.
- ^ "Skoda 75mm 1915_Gb". www.bulgarianartillery.it. Retrieved 2024-12-27.
- ^ "Obice da 75/13 or Skoda 75 mm Model 15 – Italian Mountain Howitzer". 5 June 2023.
- ^ Ortner, pp. 332-335
- ^ "Skoda 7.5cm Gebirgskanone M.15". Archived from the original on 2014-04-08.
- ^ "Skoda 7.5cm Gebirgskanone M.15". Archived from the original on 2014-04-08.
Bibliography
[edit]- Englemann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. Deutsche Artillerie 1934-1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliderung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974
- Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter. Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945. New York: Doubleday, 1979 ISBN 0-385-15090-3
- Hogg, Ian. Twentieth-Century Artillery. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2000 ISBN 0-7607-1994-2
- Jäger, Herbert. German Artillery of World War One. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 2001 ISBN 1-86126-403-8
- Ortner, M. Christian. The Austro-Hungarian Artillery From 1867 to 1918: Technology, Organization, and Tactics. Vienna, Verlag Militaria, 2007 ISBN 978-3-902526-13-7